A TDS meter indicates the total dissolved solids (TDS) of a solution, the concentration of dissolved solid particles.

Dissolved ionized solids, such as salts and minerals, increase the electrical conductivity (EC) of a solution. Because it is a volume measure of ionized solids, EC can be used to estimate TDS. Dissolved organic solids, such as sugar, and microscopic solid particles, such as colloids, do not significantly affect the conductivity of a solution

Carbon filtering is a method of filtering that uses a bed of activated carbon to remove contaminants and impurities, using chemical adsorption.Active charcoal carbon filters are most effective at removing chlorine, particles such as sediment, volatile organic compounds , taste and odor from water.

A filter housing is designed to house drop-in water filter cartridges and are generally made from robust plastic to offer a highly durable system. Water filter housings are extremely versatile as they are available in numerous sizes with a range of different port sizes

Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification technology that uses a semipermeable membrane to remove ions, moleculesand larger particles from drinking water. In reverse osmosis, an applied pressure is used to overcome osmotic pressure, a colligative property, that is driven by chemical potential differences of the solvent, a thermodynamic parameter. Reverse osmosis can remove many types of dissolved and suspended species from water, including bacteria, and is used in both industrial processes and the production of potable water.